Andrew Jackson

The United States presidential election of 1828 featured a rematch between John Quincy Adams, now incumbent President, and Andrew Jackson, the runner-up in the 1824 election. With no other major candidates, Jackson and his chief ally Martin Van Buren consolidated their bases in the South and New... York and easily defeated Adams. The Democratic Party merged its strength from the existing supporters of Jackson and their coalition with the supporters of Crawford and Vice-President Calhoun. The election saw the coming to power of Jacksonian Democracy, thus marking the transition from the First Party System to the Second Party System. Historians debate the significance of the election, with many arguing that it marked the beginning of modern American politics, with the decisive establishment of democracy and the formation of the two-party system. Andrew Jackson won a plurality of electoral votes in the Election of 1824 but still lost to John Quincy Adams when the election was deferred to the House of Representatives.
more

The United States presidential election of 1832 saw incumbent President Andrew Jackson, candidate of the Democratic Party, easily win re-election against Henry Clay of Kentucky. Jackson won 219 of the 286 electoral votes cast, defeating Clay, the candidate of the National Republican Party, and... Anti-Masonic Party candidate William Wirt. John Floyd, who was not a candidate, received the electoral votes of South Carolina. This was the first national election for Martin Van Buren of New York, who was put on the ticket to succeed John C. Calhoun as vice-president and four years later would succeed Jackson as president. Van Buren faced opposition for the vice-presidency within his own party, however, and as a result all 30 Pennsylvania electors cast ballots for native son William Wilkins. With the demise of the Congressional nominating caucus in the election of 1824, the political system was left without an institutional method on the national level for determining Presidential nominations. For this reason, the candidates of 1832 came to be chosen by national conventions. The first national convention was held by the Anti-Masonic Party in Baltimore, Maryland, in September 1831.
more

The Battle of Luchana occurred at Bilbao and its vicinities during the night of December 23, 1836 and went on until December 24, 1836. The Carlists... were besieging Bilbao and controlled the water and land routes towards the city. The battle of Luchana took place in the district belonging to the parish of Deusto and the municipality of Desierto-Erandio, on the banks of the Asúa River, which empties into the Nervión at the spot known as Luchana. The Carlists were defeated and the siege of Bilbao was lifted.
more

The Battle of Majaceite was a battle of the First Carlist War. Ramón María Narváez y Campos was ordered to intercept the expedition of... the Carlist general Miguel Gómez Damas. Narváez left Madrid in October 1836 with three divisions, while Gómez Damas left Ronda on November 18, 1836, entering Algeciras on November 22. On November 23, when he departed Algeciras, Gómez Damas found himself surrounded at Alcalá de los Gazules. Gómez Damas attempted to reach Arcos de la Frontera, but met Narváez’s army at the Majaceite River. The battle resulted with Gómez Damas’ withdrawal to Villamartín. An English commentator wrote that “it was at Majaciete that [Narváez] rescued Andalucía from the Carlist invasion by a brilliant coup de main, in a rapid but destruction action, which will not readily be effaced from the memory of the southern provinces.
more

The Battle of Wahoo Swamp was fought during the Second Seminole War. An army of militia, Tennessee volunteers, Creek mercenaries and United States... marines and soldiers led by Florida Governor, General Richard K. Call, encountered Seminole forces led by chiefs Osuchee and Yaholooche in Wahoo Swamp. General Call waited to bring his other column across the river, then entered the Wahoo Swamp on November 21. The Seminoles resisted the advance in the Battle of Wahoo Swamp, as their families were close by, but had to retreat across the stream. Major David Moniac, a mix-blooded Creek who was the first Native American to graduate from West Point, tried to determine how deep the stream was, but was shot and killed by the Seminoles. Faced with trying to cross a stream of unknown depth under hostile fire, and with supplies again running short, Call withdrew and led his men to Volusia. On December 9 Call was relieved of command and replaced by Maj. Gen. Thomas Jesup, who took the troops back to Fort Brooke. The enlistments of the volunteers were up at the end of December and they went home. Call's army gradually pushed the Seminoles back through the swampy marsh.
more

The Battle of Villarrobledo was a battle of the First Carlist War, occurring on September 20, 1836, south of Villarrobledo at a campground called... Vega de San Cristóbal, which lies near a hermitage of the same name. However, there were also casualties reported in Villarrobledo proper. The battle was a major defeat for the Carlist general Miguel Gómez Damas, and his forces suffered large casualties, including the loss of large amounts of munitions. For his victory, Isidro de Alaix Fábregas was given the title of Viscount of Villarrobledo and was awarded the Cross of Saint Ferdinand .
more