Columbia University

The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science is a school of Columbia University which awards Bachelor of Science, Master of Science,... Master of Financial Engineering, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Science, Doctor of Engineering degrees in engineering, applied physics and applied mathematics. Columbia, originally chartered as King's College in 1754, is the fifth oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science was founded as the School of Mines in 1863 and then the School of Mines, Engineering and Chemistry before becoming the School of Engineering and Applied Science. It is the country's third such institution. On October 1, 1997, the school was renamed in honor of Chinese businessman Z. Y. Fu, who had donated $26 million to the school.
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The School of General Studies, commonly known as General Studies or simply GS, is one of the three official undergraduate colleges at Columbia... University. It is a highly selective Ivy League undergraduate liberal arts college known for its non-traditional and international students; GS confers Bachelor of Art and Bachelor of Science degrees in over seventy different majors. GS students take the same courses with the same faculty, are held to the same high standards, and earn the same degree as all other Columbia undergraduates. Most GS students commute to campus from all over the New York metropolitan area, while others, many of who moved to the city from around the U.S., live in University residences. GS boasts 17% international students hailing from over 75 countries. The school has joint degree programs with List College of the Jewish Theological Seminary and Sciences Po. A Columbia undergraduate class could include students from any of the following colleges or schools: GS, Columbia College, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, Barnard College or the School of Continuing Education.
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Columbia College is the oldest undergraduate college at Columbia University, situated on the university's main campus in Morningside Heights in the... borough of Manhattan in New York City. It was founded in 1754 by the Church of England as King's College, receiving a Royal Charter from King George II of Great Britain. Columbia College is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States. The college is highly selective in its admissions. For the class of 2015, the college accepted 6.4% of its applicants, the second lowest acceptance rate in the Ivy League and in the country, behind Harvard. Columbia College was founded as King’s College by royal charter of King George II of Great Britain in the Province of New York in 1754. Due in part to the influence of Church of England religious leaders, a site in New York City in the Trinity Church yard, Wall Street on the island of Manhattan was selected. Samuel Johnson was chosen as the college’s first president and was also the college’s first professor. During this period, classes and examinations, both oral and written, were conducted entirely in Latin.
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Columbia Law School, founded in 1858, is one of the oldest and most prestigious law schools in the United States. A member of the Ivy League,... Columbia Law School is one of the professional graduate schools of Columbia University in New York City. It offers the J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees in law. Ever since U.S. News & World Report began ranking law schools in 1987, Columbia Law has appeared in the Top 5 every single year, an honor shared only with Yale, Harvard, and Stanford. U.S. News & World Report consistently places Columbia Law among the top four law schools . Columbia Law is ranked 3 for highest earning law graduates in the nation by Forbes Magazine, ahead of both Harvard and Yale, and U.S. News and World Report ranks Columbia Law 4 in its 2011 Law Firm Recruiters' Ranking of Best Law Schools. Columbia has graduated more Supreme Court Justices than any other institution except Yale and Harvard law schools. More current members of the Forbes 400 attended Columbia than any other law school. Admission to Columbia Law is among the most selective in the U.S., with only 12% of applicants being accepted in 2010.
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Columbia Business School is the business school of Columbia University in Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1916 to provide business... training and professional preparation for undergraduate and graduate Columbia University students. It is one of six Ivy League business schools and its admission process is among the most selective of top business schools. Columbia Business School is known for its close ties to Wall Street and the seminal work completed in the field of Finance by professors Benjamin Graham and David Dodd. It is affiliated with 13 winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics including current professors Robert Mundell, Joseph Stiglitz and Edmund Phelps. The school has an international emphasis, and many alumni have achieved distinction in the public as well as the private sector. A. Barton Hepburn, then president of Chase Manhattan Bank, founded the School in 1916 with 11 full-time faculty members and an opening class of 61 students, including 8 women. The School expanded rapidly, enrolling 420 students by 1920 and in 1924, added a PhD program to the existing BS and MS degree programs.
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Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, often known as P&S, is a graduate school of Columbia University that is located on the... health sciences campus in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. Founded in 1767 as the medical department of King's College , the College of Physicians and Surgeons was the first medical school in the thirteen colonies and hence, the United States, to award the Doctor of Medicine degree. Beginning in 1993, P&S also was the first medical school in the United States to hold a White Coat Ceremony. According to U.S. News and World Report P&S is one of the most selective medical schools in the United States based on average MCAT, GPA, and acceptance rate. In 2010, 6,227 people applied and 1,253 were interviewed for 166 positions in its entering class. The average undergraduate GPA and average MCAT score for successful applicants in 2010 were 3.78 and 35.7, respectively. Columbia currently is ranked tenth amongst research-oriented medical schools in the United States by U.S. News and World Report.
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Julian Seymour Schwinger was an American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics, in... particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order. Schwinger is recognized as one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century, responsible for much of modern quantum field theory, including a variational approach, and the equations of motion for quantum fields. He developed the first electroweak model, and the first example of confinement in 1+1 dimensions. He is responsible for the theory of multiple neutrinos, Schwinger terms, and the theory of the spin 3/2 field. Schwinger was born in New York City where he attended Townsend Harris High School and then the City College of New York as an undergraduate before transferring to Columbia University, where he received his B.A. in 1936 and his Ph.D. in 1939 at the age of 21. He worked at the University of California, Berkeley and was later appointed to a position at Purdue University.
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Kenneth Joseph Arrow is an American economist and joint winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics with John Hicks in 1972. To date, he is the... youngest person to have received this award, at 51. In economics, he is considered an important figure in post-World War II neo-classical economic theory. Many of his former graduate students have gone on to win the Nobel Memorial Prize themselves. Arrow's impact on the economics profession has been tremendous. For more than fifty years he has been one of the most influential of all practicing economists. His most significant works are his contributions to social choice theory, notably "Arrow's impossibility theorem", and his work on general equilibrium analysis. He has also provided foundational work in many other areas of economics, including endogenous growth theory and the economics of information. Arrow was born on August 23, 1921, in New York City to parents of Romanian Jewish origins. His family was very supportive of his education.
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Simon Smith Kuznets was a Russian American economist at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania who won the 1971 Nobel Memorial Prize... in Economic Sciences "for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development". He was born into a Belarusian-Jewish family at Pinsk, Russian Empire and started his higher education in Kharkiv Commercial Institute, Ukraine, but moved to the United States in 1922 and was educated at Columbia University School of General Studies, receiving his B.Sc. in 1923, M.A. in 1924, and Ph.D. in 1926. From 1925 to 1926, Kuznets spent time studying economic patterns in prices as the Research Fellow at the Social Science Research Council. It was this work that led to his book Secular Movements in Production and Prices, published in 1930. From 1930 until 1936, Kuznets was a part-time professor at the University of Pennsylvania and as professor of Economics and Statistics from 1936 until 1954.
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Robert A. Millikan was an American experimental physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics for his measurement of the charge on the electron and for... his work on the photoelectric effect. He served as Chair of the Executive Council at Caltech from 1921 to 1945, that school's governing body at the time. He also served on the board of trustees for Science Service, now known as Society for Science & the Public, from 1921-1953. Millikan went to high school in Maquoketa, Iowa. Millikan received a Bachelor's degree in the classics from Oberlin College in 1891 and his doctorate in physics from Columbia University in 1895 – he was the first to earn a Ph.D. from that department. Millikan's enthusiasm for education continued throughout his career, and he was the coauthor of a popular and influential series of introductory textbooks, which were ahead of their time in many ways. Compared to other books of the time, they treated the subject more in the way in which it was thought about by physicists. They also included many homework problems that asked conceptual questions, rather than simply requiring the student to plug numbers into a formula.
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Tsung-Dao Lee is a Chinese born-American physicist, well known for his work on parity violation, the Lee Model, particle physics, relativistic... heavy ion physics, nontopological solitons and soliton stars. In 1957, Lee, at the age of 30, won the Nobel Prize in Physics with C. N. Yang for their work on the violation of parity law in weak interaction, which Chien-Shiung Wu experimentally verified. Lee is the youngest Nobel laureate after World War II, and the third youngest in history after W. L. Bragg and Werner Heisenberg . Lee and Yang were the first Chinese laureates. Since naturalized as American citizen in 1962, Lee thus is also the youngest American who has ever won a Nobel Prize. Tsung Dao Lee's ancestral hometown is Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. T.D. was born in Shanghai.
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Enrico Fermi was an Italian-born, naturalized American physicist particularly known for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor,... Chicago Pile-1, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics. He was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on induced radioactivity. Fermi is widely regarded as one of the leading scientists of the 20th century, highly accomplished in both theory and experiment. Along with J. Robert Oppenheimer, he is frequently referred to as "the father of the atomic bomb". He also held several patents related to the use of nuclear power. Several awards, concepts, and institutions are named after Fermi, such as the Enrico Fermi Award, the Enrico Fermi Institute, the Fermi National Accelerator Lab, the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station, a class of particles called fermions, the synthetic element fermium, and many more.
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Charles Hard Townes is an American Nobel Prize-winning physicist and educator. Townes is known for his work on the theory and application of the... maser, on which he got the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics connected with both maser and laser devices. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 with Nikolay Basov and Alexander Prokhorov. The Japanese FM Towns computer and game console is named in his honour. Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina on July 28, 1915, the son of Henry Keith Townes, an attorney, and Ellen Townes. He attended the Greenville public schools and then Furman University in Greenville, where he completed the requirements for the Bachelor of Science degree in Physics and the Bachelor of Arts degree in Modern Languages, graduating summa cum laude in 1935, at the age of 19. Physics had fascinated him since his first course in the subject during his sophomore year in college because of its "beautifully logical structure". He was also interested in natural history while at Furman, serving as curator of the museum, and working during the summers as collector for Furman's biology camp.
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Edmund Strother Phelps, Jr. is an American economist and the winner of the 2006 Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.... Early in his career he became renowned for his research at Yale's Cowles Foundation in the first half of the 1960s on the sources of economic growth. His demonstration of the Golden Rule savings rate, a concept first devised by John von Neumann and Maurice Allais, started a wave of research on how much a nation ought to spend on present consumption rather than save and invest for future generations. His most seminal work inserted a microfoundation—one featuring imperfect information, incomplete knowledge and expectations about wages and prices—to support a macroeconomic theory of employment determination and price-wage dynamics. This led to his development of the natural rate of unemployment—its existence and the mechanism governing its size. Phelps has been McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia University since 1982. He is also the director of Columbia's Center on Capitalism and Society.
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