Divide and Conquer

Frank Russell Capra was a Sicilian-born American film director. He emigrated to the U.S. when he was six, and eventually became a creative force behind major award-winning films during the 1930s and 1940s. His rags-to-riches story, having worked his way through college, has led film historians... like Ian Freer to consider Capra the "American dream personified." Capra became one of America's most powerful directors during the 1930s, winning three Oscars as Best Director. Among his leading films was It Happened One Night , which became the first film to win all five top Oscars, including Best Picture. Other leading films included Mr. Deeds Goes to Town , Lost Horizon , You Can't Take It With You , Mr. Smith Goes to Washington , Meet John Doe , Arsenic and Old Lace , It's a Wonderful Life and State of the Union . Because of his early fame as a director, his name was listed "above the title" of his films when they were publicized. People "flocked to the theaters" during the 1930s and 1940s to see films directed by Frank Capra.
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Anatole Litvak was a Ukrainian-born filmmaker who wrote, directed, and produced films in a various countries and languages. He was best known as the Academy Award nominated director of the 1948 film The Snake Pit. Born Mikhail Anatol Litvak in Kiev, Ukraine, Litvak grew up in a Jewish family and... lived in what was then known as the Russian Empire. As a teenager, he worked at a theater in St. Petersburg and took acting lessons at the state drama school. Litvak worked with Leningrad's Nordkino Studios where he was assistant director for nine silent films. For political and ideological reasons, he fled Russia for Berlin, Germany in 1925. In Germany, Litvak made his first few films at the beginning of the 1930s before the rise of the Nazis. He later fled to France prior to the Nazi invasions of World War II. According to film historian Ronald Bowers, Litvak became skilled in using location shooting and realistic documentary effects as early as the 1930s. He also became known in the industry for emphasizing sound effects over dialogue in sound films as well as using camera tracking shots and pans.
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