Empire of the Sun is a 1987 American coming of age war film based on J. G. Ballard's semi-autobiographical novel of the same name. Steven Spielberg directed the film, which stars Christian Bale, John Malkovich, Miranda Richardson, and Nigel Havers. The film tells the story of Jamie "Jim" Graham, a young boy who goes from living in a wealthy British family in Shanghai, to becoming a prisoner of war in Lunghua Civilian Assembly Center, a Japanese internment camp, during the Second World War. Harold Becker and David Lean were originally to direct before Spielberg came on board, initially as a... producer for Lean. Spielberg was attracted to directing the film because of a personal connection to Lean's films and Second World War topics. He considers it to be his most profound work on "the loss of innocence". The film received critical acclaim but was not initially a box office success, earning only $22,238,696 at the US box office but eventually more than recouped its budget through revenues in other markets. The Empire of Japan had been at war with China since 1937 before declaring war on the United States and the United Kingdom.
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