Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar is an island country located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar , as well as numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from India around 88 million years ago, allowing plants and animals on the island to evolve in complete isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot in which over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique... wildlife are threatened by human settlement. Initial human settlement of Madagascar occurred from 350 BCE and 550 CE by Austronesian peoples arriving on outrigger canoes from Borneo who were later joined around 1000 CE by Bantu migrants crossing the Mozambique Channel. Other groups continued to settle on Madagascar over time, each one making lasting contributions to Malagasy cultural life.
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| Founded: | June 26, 1960 |
| Capital: | Antananarivo |
| Population: | 5,103,652 |
| Official language: | Malagasy language, French Language |
| Currency: | Malagasy ariary |
| GDP: | $2,653,082,107 |
| Form of government: | Republic, Semi-presidential system, Caretaker government |