Moscow State University

Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov is a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. He... was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003. Abrikosov was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR, on June 25, 1928, to a couple of physicians: Prof. Alexei Ivanovich Abrikosov and Dr. Fani Abrikosova, née Wulf. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1948. From 1948 to 1965, he worked at the Institute for Physical Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he received his Ph.D. in 1951 for the theory of thermal diffusion in plasmas, and then his Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences degree in 1955 for a thesis on quantum electrodynamics at high energies. From 1965 to 1988, he worked at the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics . He has been a professor at Moscow State University since 1965. In addition, he held tenure at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology from 1972 to 1976, and at the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys from 1976 to 1991. He served as a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1987 to 1991.
more

Yakov Grigorevich Sinai is an influential mathematician working in the theory of dynamical systems, in mathematical physics and in probability... theory. His work has shaped the modern metric theory of dynamical systems . Sinai has created bridges connecting the world of deterministic systems with the world of probabilistic systems. Sinai was born in Moscow, Soviet Union into a family that played a prominent role in Russia's scientific and cultural life since the 19th century. His grandfather Veniamin Kagan was a Russian geometer, and Sinai's parents were prominent researchers in the medical and biological sciences. Yakov Sinai received his Ph.D. from Moscow State University in 1960; his advisor was Andrey Kolmogorov. In 1971 he became a Professor at Moscow State University and a senior researcher at the Landau Institute of Theoretical Physics. Since 1993 he has been a Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University.
more

Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg, ForMemRS was a Soviet theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, Nobel laureate, a member of the Soviet and Russian... Academies of Sciences and one of the fathers of Soviet hydrogen bomb. He was the successor to Igor Tamm as head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Academy's physics institute , and an outspoken atheist. He was born to a Jewish family in Moscow in 1916, the son of an engineer Lazar Efimovich Ginzburg and a doctor Augusta Felgenauer, and graduated from the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University in 1938. He defended his candidate's dissertation in 1940, and his doctor's dissertation in 1942. He worked at the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow from 1940. In 1944, he became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Among his achievements are a partially phenomenological theory of superconductivity, the Ginzburg-Landau theory, developed with Lev Landau in 1950; the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in plasmas ; and a theory of the origin of cosmic radiation.
more

Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare , commonly known as Tony Hoare or C. A. R. Hoare, is a British computer scientist best known for the development of... Quicksort, a well-known sorting algorithm. He also developed Hoare logic for verifying program correctness, and the formal language Communicating Sequential Processes to specify the interactions of concurrent processes and the inspiration for the occam programming language. Born in Colombo, Ceylon to British parents, he received his Bachelor's degree in Classics from the University of Oxford in 1956. He remained an extra year at Oxford studying graduate-level statistics, and following his National Service in the Royal Navy . While he studied Russian, he also studied computer translation of human languages at the Moscow State University in the Soviet Union in the school of Kolmogorov. In 1960, he left the Soviet Union and began working at Elliott Brothers, Ltd, a small computer manufacturing firm, where he implemented ALGOL 60 and began developing major algorithms.
more

Alexander Mikhaylovich Prokhorov was a Soviet physicist known for his pioneering research on lasers and masers for which he shared the Nobel Prize... in Physics in 1964 with Charles Hard Townes and Nikolay Basov. Prokhorov was born in 1916 in Atherton, Queensland, to a family of Russian revolutionaries who emigrated from Russia to escape repression by the tsarist government. In 1923, after the October Revolution, they returned to Russia. In 1934, Prokhorov entered the Saint Petersburg State University to study physics. He graduated with honors in 1939 and moved to Moscow to work at the Lebedev Physical Institute, in the oscillations laboratory headed by academician N. D. Papaleksi. His research there was devoted to propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere. At the onset of World War II in the Soviet Union, in June 1941, he joined the Red Army. During World War II, Prokhorov fought in the infantry, was wounded twice in battles, and was awarded three medals, including the Medal For Courage in 1946. He was demobilized in 1944 and returned to the Lebedev Institute where in 1946 defended his Ph.D.
more

Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm was a Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Ilya... Frank, for their 1934 discovery of Cherenkov radiation. According to Russian sources, Tamm was born in Vladivostok, Russian Empire into a noble family of German extraction. His grandfather Theodor Tamm emigrated from Thuringia, and other sources describe him as Jewish. He studied at a gymnasium in Elisavetgrad . In 1913-1914 he studied at the University of Edinburgh together with his school-friend Boris Hessen. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914 he joined the army as a volunteer field medic. In 1917 he joined the Revolutionary movement and became an active anti-War campaigner, serving on revolutionary committies after the March Revolution. He returned to the Moscow State University from which he graduated in 1918. Tamm married Nataliya Shuyskaya in September of 1917. She belonged to an old princely family of Rurikid descent . Their daughter Irina eventually became a noted chemist.
more

Yakov Grigorevich Sinai is an influential mathematician working in the theory of dynamical systems, in mathematical physics and in probability... theory. His work has shaped the modern metric theory of dynamical systems . Sinai has created bridges connecting the world of deterministic systems with the world of probabilistic systems. Sinai was born in Moscow, Soviet Union into a family that played a prominent role in Russia's scientific and cultural life since the 19th century. His grandfather Veniamin Kagan was a Russian geometer, and Sinai's parents were prominent researchers in the medical and biological sciences. Yakov Sinai received his Ph.D. from Moscow State University in 1960; his advisor was Andrey Kolmogorov. In 1971 he became a Professor at Moscow State University and a senior researcher at the Landau Institute of Theoretical Physics. Since 1993 he has been a Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University.
more

Sergei Petrovich Novikov is a Soviet and Russian mathematician, noted for work in both algebraic topology and soliton theory. Novikov was born in... Gorky, Soviet Union . He grew up in a family of talented mathematicians. His father was Pyotr Sergeyevich Novikov, who gave the negative solution of the word problem for groups. His mother Ludmila Vsevolodovna Keldysh and maternal uncle Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh were also important mathematicians. In 1955 Novikov entered Moscow State University . Four years later he received the Moscow Mathematical Society Award for young mathematicians. In the same year he defended a dissertation for the Candidate of Science in Physics and Mathematics degree at the Moscow State University . In 1965 he defended a dissertation for the Doctor of Science in Physics and Mathematics degree there. In 1966 he became a Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Novikov's early work was in cobordism theory, in relative isolation.
more