Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi , commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi /ˈmoʊ.əmɑr ɡəˈdɑːfi/ or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Gaddafi seized power in a bloodless military coup in 1969 and served as the country's head of state until 1977, when he stepped down from his official executive role as Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya, and claimed subsequently to be merely a symbolic... figurehead. He styled himself as "Leader of the Revolution"; in 2008 a meeting of traditional African rulers bestowed on him the title "King of Kings". A leading advocate for a United States of Africa, he served as Chairperson of the African Union from 2 February 2009 to 31 January 2010. Gaddafi replaced the Libyan Constitution of 1951 with laws based on the political ideology he had formulated, which he called the Third International Theory and published in The Green Book.
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| Birthdate: | June 7, 1942 |
| Birthplace: | Qasr Abu Hadi |
| Date of death: | October 20, 2011 |
| Education: | Joint Services Command and Staff College, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst |
| Religion: | Islam, Sunni Islam |
| Also known as: | Muammar al-Qaddafi, Muammar Qaddafi, Colonel Gaddafi |