University of London

The London School of Economics and Political Science is a public research university specialised in the social sciences located in London, United... Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of London. Founded in 1895 by Fabian Society members Sidney Webb, Beatrice Webb and George Bernard Shaw, LSE joined the University of London in 1900 and degrees were first issued to its students in 1902. Despite its name, it conducts teaching and research across the entire range of the social sciences - accounting and finance, anthropology, applied statistics, actuarial science, economic history, economics, geography, government, history, international development, international relations , law, management, philosophy, politics, psychology, social policy and sociology - as well as in logic and the scientific method, mathematics and statistics. LSE is based in Westminster, central London, on the boundary between Covent Garden and Holborn in an area historically known as Clare Market. It has around 8,700 full-time students and 1,300 academic staff and had a total income of £220.
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London Business School is an international business school and a constituent college of the federal University of London, located in central London,... beside Regent's Park. LBS teaches postgraduate programmes in finance and management, in addition to its flagship Master of Business Administration program, it also offers the Sloan Fellowship Program for experienced business executives, a Masters in Finance , a Masters in Management for students with less than a year's work experience, a PhD, as well as non-masters programmes for business executives. It was established in 1964, after the Franks Report recommended the establishment of two business schools, as part of existing universities , but with considerable autonomy. It has close collaborations with the nearby University College London and the Modern Language Centre at King's College London. In December 2006 launched its operations in Dubai, which include an executive MBA degree and Executive Education programmes.
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King's College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of... London. King's has a claim to being the third-oldest university in England, having been founded by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington in 1829 and received its royal charter in 1836. In 1836 King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. King's is organised into nine Schools of Study, spread across four Thames-side campuses in central London and one in Denmark Hill, South London. It is one of the largest centres for graduate and post-graduate medical teaching and biomedical research in Europe; it is home to six Medical Research Council centres, the most of any British university, and is a founding member of the King's Health Partners academic health sciences centre. King's has around 18,600 full-time students and 5,030 staff and had a total income of £524.1 million in 2010/11, of which £147.1 million was from research grants and contracts.
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University College London Union , founded in 1893, has a credible claim to be England's oldest students' union. It was formed with the following... objectives: "the promotion of social intercourse and of the means of recreation, physical and mental, of the students of University College, and the financial successes of students' clubs". UCL Union was the first of its kind as it was formed for both athletics clubs and social activities alike. Since its formation, the Union has taken on responsibility for many aspects of student life. Events for example were seen as a key element hence the establishment of an Ents Committee. The student magazine Pi was formed a few years later and the Somers Town sports venue was also acquired. UCL Union is affiliated to the National Union of Students. Student Development is at the heart of the work the Union does today. UCL Union runs over 170 clubs and societies for its members. It runs commercial services including ten bars, cafés and two shops, a fitness centre. UCL students, through the Union has nine weeks free access to put on student shows and events in the UCL-owned professionally run Bloomsbury Theatre.
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The University of London Union is the university-wide students' union for the University of London. It is the largest students' union in Europe,... with over 120,000 students as the focus of its activities, with its students also all members of individual University of London colleges' student unions of which ULU is the umbrella organisation. University of London Students Union, provides a range of services on an intercollegiate basis, including cultural, recreational and sporting activities. The seven-floor union building in Malet Street, Central London includes bars, restaurants, shops, banks, swimming pool and a live music venue. ULU was founded in 1955 and has its main building on Malet Street, near Senate House. It represents students to the University and beyond, whilst also providing support and resources to the students' unions of individual colleges. ULU aims to represent the diverse students and students’ unions of the University of London. The ULU building and venue is widely known as one for gigs that launch major artists such as the Kaiser Chiefs and Goldfrapp.
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Birkbeck, University of London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University... of London. It offers many Master's and Bachelor's degree programmes that can be studied either part-time or full-time, though nearly all teaching is in the evening. It also admits full-time students for PhDs. Its staff members have excellent research reputations in subjects such as English, History, History of Art, Philosophy, Psychology, Spanish, Science and Crystallography. It also offers many continuing education courses leading to certificates and diplomas, foundation degrees as well as other short courses. In 1823, George Birkbeck, an early pioneer of adult education, founded the then "London Mechanics' Institute" at a meeting at the Crown and Anchor Tavern on the Strand. Over two thousand people attended. However the idea was not universally popular and some accused Birkbeck of "scattering the seeds of evil." Two years later, the institute moved to the Southampton Buildings on Chancery Lane. In 1830, the first female students were admitted.
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Queen Mary, University of London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal... University of London. With roots dating back to 1785, Queen Mary was formed by the merger of four historic colleges, and since joining the University of London in 1915 has grown to become one of its largest colleges. Queen Mary's main campus is located in the Mile End area of the East End of London, with other campuses in Holborn, Smithfield and Whitechapel. It has around 16,000 full-time students and 3,000 staff and had a total income of £297.1 million in 2010/11, of which £73.7 million was from research grants and contracts. Queen Mary is organised into three faculties – the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, the Faculty of Science and Engineering and the Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry – within which there are 21 academic departments and institutes. In the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise, Queen Mary was ranked 11th by the The Guardian and 13th by Times Higher Education out of the 132 UK higher education institutions assessed.
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The School of Oriental and African Studies is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the... University of London. Specialising in history, laws, politics, economics , humanities and languages concerning Asia, Africa and the Middle East, SOAS currently offers over 300 undergraduate Bachelor's degree combinations, and over 70 one-year intensively taught Master's degrees. MPhil and PhD degrees are also available in every academic department. Founded in 1916, SOAS has produced several heads of state, government ministers, ambassadors, Supreme Court judges, a Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, and many other notable leaders in emerging markets, future superpowers and in the Next Eleven. Located in central London, SOAS describes itself as the "world's leading centre for the study of a highly diverse range of subjects concerned with Asia, Africa and the Middle East", and is consistently ranked amongst the top universities in the UK.
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The UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies is a school of University College London . It is the largest centre for the study and research... of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, and Russia in the United Kingdom. The School teaches a wide range of subjects including the history, politics, literature, sociology, economics and languages of the region. The School was inaugurated in London in 1915 by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, who later became President of Czechoslovakia. In 1999 the School merged with UCL. More than 60 academic staff work at the School, teaching and conducting research in the history, economics, politics, sociology, anthropology, culture, literature and languages of the countries of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, and Russia. In 2005/2006 the School had 150 graduate students studying taught MA degrees or undertaking PhD research. In addition the School has over 500 undergraduate students. Along with its undergraduate and graduate teaching, the School enjoys an enviable reputation for the quality of its interdisciplinary research.
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Goldsmiths, University of London is is the operational name for Goldsmiths' College, a public research university located in London, United Kingdom... which specialises in the arts, humanities and social sciences, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It was founded in 1891 as Goldsmiths' Technical and Recreative Institute by the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths in New Cross, London. It was acquired by the University of London in 1904 and was renamed Goldsmiths' College. The word College was dropped from its branding in 2006, but "Goldsmiths' College", with the apostrophe, remains the institution's formal legal name. The College has a distinguished history of contributing to arts and sciences. Its Department of Art is widely recognised as one of Britain's most prestigious, producing the YBA's art collective and over 20 Turner Prize nominees. Goldsmiths is also famous for Psychology, Sociology, Media and Cultural Studies, Languages and Literature, Visual Cultures and Anthropology. Nearly 20% of students come from countries outside the UK, and 52% of all undergraduates are mature students .
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The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine is a constituent college of the federal University of London specialised in public health and... tropical medicine. Founded by Sir Patrick Manson in 1899, the LSHTM is a research-led postgraduate centre of excellence in public health, international health and tropical medicine. The LSHTM's mission is to contribute to the improvement of health worldwide through the pursuit of excellence in research, postgraduate teaching and advanced training in national and international public health and tropical medicine, and through informing policy and practice in these areas. The LSHTM had a total income of £101.7 million in 2009/10, of which £62.5 million was from research grants and contracts. The School was founded in 1899 by Sir Patrick Manson as the London School of Tropical Medicine and located at the Albert Dock Seamen's Hospital in the London Docklands. Just prior to this teaching in tropical medicine had been commenced in 1899 at the Extramural School at Edinburgh and even earlier at London's Livingstone College founded in 1893 by Charles F. Harford-Battersby .
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The School of Advanced Study, a postgraduate institution of the University of London, is the UK's national centre for the promotion and facilitation... of research in the humanities and social sciences. It was established on 1 August 1994 and is located in Senate House in Bloomsbury, central London, close to the British Museum, the British Library and several of the Colleges of the University of London. The School brings together ten prestigious research Institutes, many of which have long and distinguished histories, to provide a large range of specialist research services, facilities and resources. Through its many activities the School's core aim is to provide an environment for the support, evaluation and pursuit of research which is accessible to postgraduate, postdoctoral and senior members of all Higher Education institutions in the United Kingdom and beyond. The Member Institutes of the School are: Those institutes marked with ≈ in the above list incorporate libraries that are part of the Senate House Libraries. Together, the Institutes of the School provide a range of specialist research services in their subject areas of expertise.
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Central School of Speech & Drama, University of London, was founded by Elsie Fogerty in 1906 to offer a new form of training in speech and drama... for young actors and other students. The School offers 100 undergraduate, postgraduate, research degrees, and short courses in acting, actor training, applied theatre, theatre crafts & making, design, drama therapy, movement, musical theatre, performance, producing, puppetry, research, scenography, stage management, teacher training, technical arts, voice, and writing. With over 55 academic staff, together with visiting artists and lecturers, Central contains the largest grouping of drama/theatre/performance specialists in the UK. The school has been a constituent college of the University of London since 2005. On 9 October 2008 the School announced that 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature and Central alumnus, Harold Pinter , had agreed to become its president and to receive an honorary fellowship in the School's graduation ceremony on 10 December 2008, but Pinter had to receive it in absentia, because of ill health, and he died two weeks later.
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The Courtauld Institute of Art is a self-governing college of the University of London specialising in the study of the history of art. The... Courtauld is one of the premier centres for the teaching of art history in the world; it was the only History of Art department in the UK to be awarded a top 5* grade in the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise, and was ranked second nationally for History of Art in the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise and ranked first nationally for History and History of Art in the Guardian's 2011 University Guide. It was founded in 1932 through the philanthropic efforts of the industrialist and art collector Samuel Courtauld, the diplomat and collector Lord Lee of Fareham, and the art historian Sir Robert Witt. Originally the Courtauld Institute was based in Home House, a Robert Adam-designed townhouse in Portman Square, London. Since 1989, it has been based in the North wing of Somerset House. The Courtauld celebrated its 75th anniversary during the 2007-8 academic year.
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Heythrop College is the specialist philosophy and theology college of the University of London situated in Kensington Square, Kensington, London. The... college offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in philosophy, theology and related subjects. Founded in 1614, by the Society of Jesus Heythrop joined the University of London in 1971, whilst retaining a modern Catholic ethos, it offers an educational experience that respects all faiths and perspectives. The College was founded in 1614 by the Society of Jesus in Leuven, , then moved in 1624 to Liège. Whilst in Liège, the college received patronage from Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, and the blue and silver on the College's coat of arms was adopted from Maximilian's own crest. During the wars surrounding the French Revolution, the college moved to Britain - philosophy was taught at Stonyhurst College in Lancashire and theology in St. Beuno's in North Wales. Tracing its history back almost 400 years, Heythrop is one of the oldest universities in England. In 1836 the University of London came into being.
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The Institute of Cancer Research is a cancer research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal... University of London. It was founded in 1909 as a research department of the Royal Marsden Hospital and joined the University of London in 2003. It has been responsible for a number of breakthrough discoveries, including that the basic cause of cancer is damage to DNA. Together with the Royal Marsden Hospital the ICR forms the largest comprehensive cancer centre in Europe, and was ranked first amongst all British higher education institutions in the Times Higher Education 2008 Research Assessment Exercise Table of Excellence. In addition to its research activities the ICR provides both taught postgraduate degree programmes and research degrees and currently has around 340 students. It occupies two sites, one in Chelsea in Central London and one in Sutton in southwest London, and had a total income of £85.4 million in 2010/11, of which £50.5 million was from research grants and contracts.
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The Institute of Education is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom specialised in postgraduate study and research in the... field of education and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It is the largest education research body in the United Kingdom, with over 700 research students in the doctoral school. It also has the largest portfolio of postgraduate programmes in education in the UK, with approximately 4,000 students taking Master's programmes, and a further 1,200 students doing PGCE teacher-training courses. The IOE has long been recognised as a leading centre of educational enquiry. At any one time it hosts over 100 research projects funded by Research Councils, government departments and other agencies. IOE is generally recognised as one of the best institutions focusing on educational research and offering teacher training and Education studies ..
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The Royal Academy of Music is a conservatoire in London, England and a constituent college of the University of London. Founded by Lord Burghersh in... 1822 with the help and ideas of the French harpist and composer Nicolas Bochsa, it is Britain's oldest degree-granting music school. The Academy was granted a Royal Charter by King George IV in 1830. It is a registered charity under English law. The Academy's current facilities are situated on Marylebone Road in central London adjacent to Regent's Park. The Academy's first building was in Tenterden Street, Hanover Square and in 1911 the institution moved to the current premises , built at a cost of £51,000 on the site of an orphanage. In 1976 the Academy acquired the houses situated on the north side and built between them a new opera theatre donated by the philanthropist Sir Jack Lyons and named after him and two new recital spaces, a recording studio, an electronic music studio, several practice rooms and office space.
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Royal Holloway, University of London is a constituent college of the University of London. It is considered as one of the most respected and... renowned university colleges of the University of London. The college has three faculties, 18 academic departments, and about 8,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students from over 130 different countries. The campus is located slightly west of Egham, Surrey, within the boundary of the Greater London Urban Area, although outside of the M25 motorway and some 20 miles from the geographic centre of London. The Egham campus was founded in 1879 by the Victorian entrepreneur and philanthropist Thomas Holloway. Royal Holloway College was a women-only institution, and was officially opened in 1886 by Queen Victoria. Royal Holloway College became a member of the University of London in 1900. In 1945, the college began admitting male postgraduate students, and in 1965, male undergraduates. In 1985, Royal Holloway College merged with Bedford College .
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The Royal Veterinary College is a veterinary school located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of London.... The RVC was founded in 1791 and joined the University of London in 1949. It is the oldest and largest veterinary school in the United Kingdom, and one of only five in England where students can study to become a Vet. The RVC is one of the United Hospitals. The Royal Veterinary College is the longest-established vet school in the English speaking world. The College provides a number of undergraduate courses, including the Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine as well as accelerated graduate entry BVetMed and a combined BVetMed, BSC degree. BSc degrees are also provided in veterinary nursing, bioveterinary sciences and veterinary pathology, and a foundation degree in veterinary nursing is also offered.
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St George's, University of London is a medical school located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the University of London. St... George's has its origins in 1733, and was the second institution in England to provide formal training courses for doctors . St George's affiliated with the University of London soon after the latter's establishment in 1836. As of 2008 St George's medical school accepted around 100 graduates, 175 undergraduates and 10 students from overseas making it one of the largest medical schools in the UK. St George's is closely affiliated to St George's Hospital and is one of the United Hospitals. Originally set up in 1733 next to Hyde Park Corner , in central London, the college was transferred to its current site, Tooting in South London in 1980, where it shares a site with St George's Healthcare NHS Trust.
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The UCL School of Pharmacy is a pharmacy school located in London, United Kingdom and a school of the Faculty of Life Sciences of University College... London . The School was founded by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in 1842 as the College of the Pharmaceutical Society and became a school of the University of London in 1926. It was renamed The School of Pharmacy in 1949 when it became independent of the Pharmaceutical Society and was incorporated into the University of London as a constituent college. The School was granted a royal charter in 1952 and merged with UCL on 1 January 2012. The School offers a number of Masters Degree programmes, including Drug Discovery, Drug Delivery, Pharmacognosy and Pharmacy Practice, and PhD research degrees. The only undergraduate degree which it currently offers is the four year MPharm, Master of Pharmacy. The School offered BSc degrees in Toxicology and Pharmacology until 2001. Designed by Herbert Rowse, construction of the current building began in 1938 however, construction work was stopped on the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939.
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The Institute of Advanced Legal Studies is part of the School of Advanced Study of the University of London. It was founded in 1946 as a national... academic institution to promote and advance legal research, implementing a proposal of 1934 report of the Legal Education Committee chaired by Lord Atkin. It became part of the University of London's School of Advanced Study in 1994. In addition to academic research, it caters for the postgraduate law students at London University who are studying for an LLM or PhD. It also arranges seminars and lectures, many of which are open to the public. The IALS library, part of the Senate House Libraries, is considered the leading library for law research in the UK. It holds around 300,000 individual items and subscribes to about 3,000 legal journals. The library also houses an extensive archive of documents relating to legal education. As of 2006, it includes two professors, Professor Avrom Sherr and Professor Terence C. Daintith, ; Richard Nzerem is Director of the Sir William Dale Centre for Legislative Studies.
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The Institute of Classical Studies is a national and international research Institute in the languages, literature, history, art, archaeology and... philosophy of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds. It is a member Institute of the University of London's School of Advanced Study which combines the advantages of a graduate school with those of a centre for postdoctoral research and scholarship in many aspects of the Humanities.
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The Institute of Commonwealth Studies, abbreviated to ICS, was founded by the University of London in 1949 to promote academic study of the... Commonwealth of Nations and its constituent countries. It became part of the School of Advanced Study in 1994. It is currently in Senate House. The institute has a library containing 190,000 items and over 140 archive collections, including material by Ruth First and other anti-apartheid campaigners, including Baruch Hirson. It offers several postgraduate programmes, including an MA in human rights, and is a major international centre for studying the history, politics, sociology and law of anglophone Africa, the anglophone Caribbean and other areas formerly part of the British Empire.
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The Institute exists to facilitate advanced study and research in English Studies in the wider academic community, national and international, as... well as within the University of London . It promotes these objects by providing for academic discussion and the exchange of knowledge and ideas through its Research Seminar and Conference Programmes, publications and visiting fellowships. Under its Centre for Manuscript and Print Studies, it hosts a portfolio of research programmes, provides programmes of study at postgraduate level in a research environment, and provides and promotes research training through the National Research Training Scheme in English Language, Literature, Palaeography and the History of the Book. The Institute also has close connections with The Bibliographical Society and The Malone Society, hosting their administrative offices.
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The IGRS was established in 2004 with the merger of the two Institutes of Germanic Studies and Romance Studies, founded in 1950 and 1989... respectively. It is one of the ten Institutes of the University of London's School of Advanced Study. Its purpose is to promote and facilitate the study of the cultures of German-speaking and Romance language countries across a range of disciplines in the humanities.
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The Institute of Historical Research is a British educational organisation providing resources and training for historical researchers. It is part... of the School of Advanced Study in the University of London and is located at Senate House. The Institute was founded in 1921 by A. F. Pollard. The IHR was founded in 1921 by British historian Albert Pollard, a Professor of Constitutional History at University College London. The IHR was directly administered by the Senate of the University of London, rather than being part of one of the federal colleges. It was the first organisation to be administered under such an arrangement, and as such provided the model for other Institutes—many of which later joined the IHR in the University of London's School of Advanced Study. The IHR's first premises were in 'temporary' huts on Malet Street, on a site now occupied by Birkbeck College. Despite the supposedly temporary nature of this accommodation, the IHR was not to move until 1947, when it took up residence in the north block of Senate House.
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The Institute of Philosophy is an Institute of the University of London's School of Advanced Study. Founded in 2005, the IP was made possible by a... generous private donation and matching funding from the University of London. The Institute's aim is to make philosophy of the highest quality available to the widest possible audience, both inside and outside the UK's academic community.
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The Institute for the Study of the Americas was founded in August 2004 through a merger of the Institute of Latin American Studies with the... Institute of United States Studies , both of which had been founded in 1965 at 31 Tavistock Square. Like its predecessors, the new Institute forms part of the University of London’s School of Advanced Study. The Institute of United States Studies had been the first academic department to award degrees in American studies in Europe. In particular IUSS has, since its formation, benefited from close links to the US Embassy in London and has produced a number of highly successful graduates now active in politics, academia and the media. The Institute of Latin American Studies had likewise had a distinguished history of research and teaching. The Institute for the Study of the Americas promotes, coordinates and provides a focus for research and postgraduate teaching on the Americas – Canada, the US, Latin America and the Caribbean – in the University of London.
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The Warburg Institute is a research institution associated with the University of London in central London, England. A member of the School of... Advanced Study, its focus is the study of the influence of classical antiquity on all aspects of European civilisation. The Institute was founded by Aby Warburg , a student of Renaissance art and culture. The art historian Warburg became dissatisfied with an aestheticising approach to art history and was interested in a more philosophical and a truly interdisciplinary approach. While studying the culture of Renaissance Florence, he grew interested in the influence of antiquity on modern culture and the study of this second life of the Classical World became his life work. His enormous private library was built around this question. A member of the wealthy Warburg family, Aby was able to privately fund the development of the institute. Warburg was joined by the Vienna art historian Fritz Saxl , who transformed Warburg's collection into a scholarly institution, the Kulturwissenschaftliche Bibliothek Warburg, later affiliated to the University of Hamburg.
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The University of London Institute in Paris is a college of the University of London located in Paris. It is currently the only UK University... Institute in Continental Europe. The institute was established by an English woman, Edith Williams, in 1894 with the help of the then British Ambassador, Lord Dufferin. It was originally known as the "Anglo-French Guild", which from 1894 offered classes in conversational English to French students soon to qualify as teachers of English through more theoretical studies. In 1900, French classes were added, aimed at British students spending time in Paris, and thus a unique Franco-British community was created. In the same year, the Guild established itself in the rue de la Sorbonne, opposite the University of Paris. After the First World War the French and British governments, concerned by the lack of understanding between the British and French armies that had become apparent during hostilities, sought means of improving cultural and language links between their countries.
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The University Marine Biological Station Millport is a higher education institute located on the island of Great Cumbrae in the Firth of Clyde,... Scotland. It is run jointly by the universities of Glasgow and London . Located just outside the town it has an interesting curriculum and research programme, with an influx of students throughout the academic year. A Museum and Aquarium is open to visitors. In May 2003 the station took delivery of the Macduff-built, 22 metre marine research vessel, RV Aora. UMBSM also functions as a Meteorological Office Weather Station and Admiralty Tide Monitor. The Ark, an 84ft lighter was fitted out as a floating laboratory by the father of modern oceanography, Sir John Murray. She formed the Scottish Marine Station for 12 years from 1884. In 1885 she was moved from Granton and drawn up on the shore at Port Loy, Cumbrae. She attracted a stream of distinguished scientists drawn by the richness of the fauna and flora of the Firth of Clyde. The Granton station eventually closed in 1903.
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The University of London International Programmes is a division of the University of London that manages external study programmes. Several colleges... and institutes of the University of London offer degrees through the programme, including Birkbeck, Goldsmiths, Heythrop College, Institute of Education, King's College London, London School of Economics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway, Royal Veterinary College, School of Oriental and African Studies, and University College London. The institution that later became known as University College London was established in 1828, calling itself 'London University', although without official recognition of university status. The institution - following the Scottish model in curriculum and teaching - was non-denominational and, given the intense religious rivalries at the time, there was an outcry against the "godless" university. The issue soon boiled down to which institutions had degree-granting powers and which institutions did not.
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Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully... representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress . In 1962 he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to life in prison. Mandela served 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela led his party in the negotiations that led to multi-racial democracy in 1994. As president, he frequently gave priority to reconciliation, while introducing policies aimed at combating poverty and inequality in South Africa. In South Africa, Mandela is often known as Madiba, his Xhosa clan name; or as tata . Mandela has received more than 250 awards over four decades, including the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize.
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The Honorable Sir Charles Kuen Kao, GBM, KBE, FRS, FREng is a pioneer in the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications. Kao, known... as the "Godfather of Broadband", "Father of Fiber Optics" or "Father of Fiber Optic Communications", was awarded half of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication". Kao was born in Shanghai in 1933, but his ancestral home is in Jinshan, Jiangsu adjoining Shanghai. He studied Chinese classics at home with his brother, under a tutor. He also studied English and French at an international school in Shanghai which was founded by a number of progressive Chinese educators including Cai Yuanpei. Kao's family moved to Hong Kong in 1948 where he completed his secondary education at St. Joseph's College in 1952. He did his undergraduate studies in electrical engineering at Woolwich Polytechnic , obtaining his Bachelor of Science degree.
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Phyllis M. Grosskurth, OC OOnt is a Canadian biographer. Born in Toronto, Ontario, she received a Bachelor of Arts degree, honours English from... the University of Toronto and a Master of Arts degree from the University of Ottawa. In 1962, she obtained her doctorate from the University of London and also received a Doctor of Letters from University of Trinity College. She is a professor emeritus at the University of Toronto. In 2000, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2002, she was awarded the Order of Ontario. She was married to Mavor Moore from 1968 to 1978. She is currently married to Robert McMullan.
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The Honorable Sir Charles Kuen Kao, GBM, KBE, FRS, FREng is a pioneer in the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications. Kao, known... as the "Godfather of Broadband", "Father of Fiber Optics" or "Father of Fiber Optic Communications", was awarded half of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication". Kao was born in Shanghai in 1933, but his ancestral home is in Jinshan, Jiangsu adjoining Shanghai. He studied Chinese classics at home with his brother, under a tutor. He also studied English and French at an international school in Shanghai which was founded by a number of progressive Chinese educators including Cai Yuanpei. Kao's family moved to Hong Kong in 1948 where he completed his secondary education at St. Joseph's College in 1952. He did his undergraduate studies in electrical engineering at Woolwich Polytechnic , obtaining his Bachelor of Science degree.
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Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett OM CH FRS was an English experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays,... and paleomagnetism. He also made a major contribution in World War II advising on military strategy and developing Operational Research. His left-wing views saw an outlet in third world development and in influencing policy in the Labour Government of the 1960s. Blackett was born in Kensington, London, the son of Arthur Stuart Blackett, a stockbroker, and his wife Caroline Maynard. His younger sister was the psychoanalyst Marion Milner. His paternal grandfather Rev. Henry Blackett, brother of Edmund Blacket the Australian architect, was for many years Vicar of Croydon. His maternal grandfather Charles Maynard was an officer in the Royal Artillery at the time of the Indian Mutiny. The Blackett family lived successively at Kensington, Kenley, Woking and Guildford, Surrey, where Blackett went to preparatory school. His main hobbies were model aeroplanes and crystal radio.
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Major-General Alexander Augustus Frederick William Alfred George Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone KG PC GCB GCMG GCVO DSO ADC FRS , was a close... relative of the shared British and Canadian royal family, as well as a British military commander and major-general who served as Governor-General of the Union of South Africa, the country's fourth, and as Governor General of Canada, the 16th since Canadian Confederation. Prince Alexander was born in London, United Kingdom, to the Duke and Duchess of Teck, and was educated at Eton College before moving on to Sandhurst for training as an officer. He rose in rank through his service in African campaigns and the First World War, receiving numerous honours and decorations, including elevation to the peerage as the Earl of Athlone, after he relinquished his German title of Prince of Teck in the Kingdom of Württemberg.
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