Walter Mondale

Macalester College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college located in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It was founded in 1874 as a Presbyterian-affiliated but nonsectarian college. Its first class entered September 15, 1885. The college is located on a 53-acre campus in a historic residential... neighborhood and includes seven academic buildings, ten residences, a library and a technology center. Notable alumni include Kofi Annan, Walter Mondale, Marlene Johnson, DeWitt Wallace, Alexander Wendt, Ari Emanuel, Peter Berg, Tim O'Brien, Bob Mould, and Charles Baxter. Macalester enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduate students. The school is known for its large international enrollment and has one of the highest percentages of foreign students in the United States. Macalester is one of the Hidden Ivies and considered one of the most prestigious liberal arts colleges in the nation. The 2011 U.S. News and World Report ranked Macalester 25th in the nation among National Liberal Arts Colleges. Macalester had its beginnings in the mid-to-late 19th century due to the efforts of the Rev. Dr.
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Operation Valfajr-4 was an Iranian operation of the Iran-Iraq War launched in 1983. At the end of the operation Iran had captured a small amount of... territory from the Iraqis. Units of Iraq's First Army Corps spent two months in their trenches waiting for the Iranians to attack. The offensive came on 19 October 1983 as the Iranians and guerillas of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan took 250 square miles of territory. This included a number of Kurdish villages and exerted a significant amount of pressure on Penjwin. Saddam Hussein responded with a counterattack, using the Iraqi Republican Guard and poison gas. However, they failed to dislodge the Iranians, who were dug-in and reinforced by Kurdish fighters. The attack was successful but the Iranians suffered high casualties due to Iraqi gas attacks. Unlike other operations and battles of the Iran–Iraq War, environmental conditions and operative restrictions were of high significance for this operation. Also the military medicine organization of the Pasdaran was important in this battle; they used special methods to save the wounded and carried out rescue operations.
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The Battle of Dezful, fought in early January 1981, was a major battle of the Iran-Iraq War. Three small Iranian armored regiments advanced towards... Iraqi forces who had invaded Iranian territory between the towns of Ahvaz and Susangerd. The Iraqi forces were alerted to this movement and feigned a withdrawal. The Iraqis formed three armored regiments into a three-sided box ambush. The Iranians blundered into the ambush and the two tank forces battled for four days in a sea of mud. The Iranians withdrew, leaving many tanks stuck in the mud, or, because of logistical misplanning, out of fuel and ammunition. The condition of the terrain prevented a clean break from the battle and did not allow the Iraqi forces to pursue what was left of the Iranians en force.
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The Paquisha War was a brief military clash that took place between January and February 1981 between Ecuador and Peru over the control of three... watchposts. While Peru felt that the matter was already decided in the Ecuadorian-Peruvian War of 1941, Ecuador did not agree with the Rio de Janeiro Protocol. Later in 1998 the Guarantors of the Rio Protocol ruled that the border of the undelimited zone was indeed the line of the Cordillera del Cóndor, as Peru had been claiming since the 1940s. In 1980 the Ecuadorian Army had set up in the Comaina valley, to the east of the Condor mountain range, inside the disputed border zone, which was claimed by Peru. The clash ended with a ceasefire, with three Ecuadorian bases destroyed and the Peruvian Army in control of most of the area. In the aftermath of the incident, both sides increased their military presence along the Cordillera del Cóndor area and Cenepa Valley, starting an escalating spiral of tension and provocation that finally resulted in another military confrontation in 1995, the Cenepa War.
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The 1981 University of London election for the position of Chancellor was called upon when the incumbent Chancellor, Queen Elizabeth, The Queen... Mother announced in December 1980 that she was retiring from the position. It was the first occasion in the university's history when the position was formally contested. The electorate consisted of the entire graduate body of the University of London, as assembled in Convocation, a right secured in 1898. Anyone holding a University of London degree and who had paid a £5 registration fee was entitled to vote, making for a total electorate of around 83,000. To be nominated a candidate required the signature of ten members of Convocation. In the event of only one candidate standing they would be declared elected nem con. If more than one candidate stood, a postal ballot would be conducted. Nominations closed on December 22, 1980. The following candidates were nominated: There was much criticism voiced in the press by graduates about the way in which the election was handled. Initially Princess Anne was the only candidate nominated, leading to some criticism amongst graduates, even though every previous Chancellor had been elected unopposed.
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