Woodrow Wilson

The Johns Hopkins University, commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins, is a private research university based in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Johns Hopkins maintains campuses in Maryland, Washington, D.C., Italy, China and Singapore. The university was founded on... January 22, 1876 and named for its benefactor, the philanthropist Johns Hopkins. Daniel Coit Gilman was inaugurated as first president on February 22, 1876. Johns Hopkins pioneered the concept of the modern research university in the United States and has ranked among the world's top such universities throughout its history. The National Science Foundation has ranked Johns Hopkins #1 among U.S. academic institutions in total science, medical and engineering research and development spending for 31 consecutive years. As of 2011, thirty-seven Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with Johns Hopkins, and the university's research is among the most cited in the world. On his death in 1873, Johns Hopkins, a Quaker entrepreneur and childless bachelor, bequeathed $7 million to fund a hospital and university in Baltimore, Maryland.
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The University of Virginia School of Law was founded in Charlottesville in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson as one of the original subjects taught at his "academical village," the University of Virginia. The law school maintains an enrollment of approximately 1,100 students in its initial degree program .... It also offers the Master of Laws and the Doctor of the Science of Law degrees. Virginia Law is regarded as one of the top 10 most prestigious and selective law schools in the United States. U.S. News & World Report currently ranks Virginia Law 9th in the nation, and ranks Virginia Law as 6th among major law firm recruiters. In Vault.com's Top 25 Law School Rankings, Virginia Law is ranked 4th. In the 2010 Super Lawyers Law School Rankings, Virginia Law ranks 4th in the nation. Virginia Law is third nationally in the number of alumni who are chairpersons and managing partners at law firms nationwide, and a survey by the National Law Journal found that the law school ranked fifth in the number of graduates hired by NLJ's top 250 firms in 2009.
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Davidson College is a private liberal arts college in Davidson, North Carolina. The college has graduated 23 Rhodes Scholars and is consistently ranked in the top ten liberal arts colleges in the country by U.S. News and World Report magazine, although it has recently dropped to 11th in U.S. News... and World Report's latest rankings. In 2011, Davidson was ranked the 5th best liberal arts college in the United States by Kiplinger's Personal Finance. Both the town and college were named after Brigadier General William Lee Davidson, a Revolutionary War commander. The land for the college came from General Davidson's estate, a large portion of which was donated by his son. The college was established by Presbyterians in 1837 and maintains a loose affiliation with that denomination. According to its Statement of Purpose, "the ties that bind the college to its Presbyterian heritage . . . have remained close and strong" but the dedication of the college "extends beyond the Christian community to the whole of humanity and necessarily includes openness to and respect for the world’s various religious traditions.
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Operation Valfajr-4 was an Iranian operation of the Iran-Iraq War launched in 1983. At the end of the operation Iran had captured a small amount of... territory from the Iraqis. Units of Iraq's First Army Corps spent two months in their trenches waiting for the Iranians to attack. The offensive came on 19 October 1983 as the Iranians and guerillas of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan took 250 square miles of territory. This included a number of Kurdish villages and exerted a significant amount of pressure on Penjwin. Saddam Hussein responded with a counterattack, using the Iraqi Republican Guard and poison gas. However, they failed to dislodge the Iranians, who were dug-in and reinforced by Kurdish fighters. The attack was successful but the Iranians suffered high casualties due to Iraqi gas attacks. Unlike other operations and battles of the Iran–Iraq War, environmental conditions and operative restrictions were of high significance for this operation. Also the military medicine organization of the Pasdaran was important in this battle; they used special methods to save the wounded and carried out rescue operations.
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The Kronstadt rebellion was one of many major unsuccessful left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks in the aftermath of the Russian Civil War. Led... by Stepan Petrichenko and consisting of Soviet sailors, soldiers and civilians, the rebellion was a major reason for Lenin and the Communist Party's decision to loosen its control of the Russian economy by implementing the New Economic Policy .. The rebellion originated in Kronstadt, a naval fortress on Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland that served as the base of the Russian Baltic Fleet and as a guardpost for the approaches to Petrograd, 55 kilometres away. By 1921 the Bolsheviks were winning the Russian Civil War and although foreign troops were beginning to withdraw, Bolshevik leaders continued to keep tight control of the economy through the policy of War Communism. As a result, the bolshevik economy started to collapse, although it had never truly recovered from the economic crises caused by World War I and the Russian Civil War.
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The First Battle of İnönü took place between 9 and 11 January 1921 near İnönü in present-day Eskişehir Province,... Turkey during the Greco-Turkish War , part of Turkish War of Independence. This was the first battle for the Army of the Grand National Assembly that was newly built standing army in place of irregular troops. A Greek reconnaissance force under General Anastasios Papoulas began to move from their base in Bursa in the direction of Eskişehir in early January 1921. The battle began with a Greek assault on the positions of Miralay İsmet Bey's troops near the railway station of İnönü on January 9, 1921 and fighting continued until dark. On January 10, Greek Islands division began moving along the Kovalca-Akpınar line, and İzmir division was moving on Yeniköy-Teke-Hayriye direction and additional forces were moving on Söğüt-Gündüzbey line. Additionally Çerkes Ethem turned against the new central government in Ankara, refusing to join his forces with the regular army established under the command of İsmet İnönü.
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The Kilmichael Ambush was an ambush near the village of Kilmichael in County Cork on 28 November 1920 carried out by the Irish Republican Army ... during the Irish War of Independence. Thirty-six local IRA volunteers commanded by Tom Barry killed seventeen members of the RIC Auxiliary Division. The Kilmichael ambush was of great political significance as it came just a week after Bloody Sunday and marked a profound escalation in the IRA's guerrilla campaign. The Auxiliaries were commissioned officers and were raised in July 1920 and were regarded as a highly trained elite force by both sides in the conflict. The Auxiliaries engaged at Kilmichael all had previous experience in World War I. The Auxiliaries and the Black and Tans rapidly became highly unpopular in Ireland for their intimidation of the civilian population and their arbitrary reprisals for IRA actions – including house burnings, beatings and killings. Only a week before the Kilmichael ambush, the Auxiliaries had fired on a football match in Croke Park, killing fourteen civilians .
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